Notice: Trying to access array offset on value of type null in /srv/pobeda.altspu.ru/wp-content/plugins/wp-recall/functions/frontend.php on line 698
5.6.2 Postaxial cervical spinal vertebrae
PEFO 34561 cannot preserve people blog post-axial prior cervical vertebrae, and this description generally is dependant on PEFO 33861, PEFO 34269, and you will PEFO 34833 (Contour 8e). New centra was anteroposteriorly small; brand new anteroposterior length of new centrum is two-thirds its level. The fresh chat hour taktikleri new diapophysis is towards the dorsolateral epidermis of one’s centrum while this new parapophysis is situated with the ventrolateral surface. In between you can find meagerly so you’re able to well-build low-pneumatic fossae. Ventrally, all the centra keeps really-put up keels. Brand new neural arc and you may back try dorsoventrally large as compared to centrum; analysis from PEFO 33861 and you will PEFO 34833 shows that the new neural lower back displays self-confident allometry in line with the new centrum. The brand new sensory back is posteriorly place and you can somewhat overhangs brand new centrum. It is sideways compacted and you can anteroposteriorly thin, which have an incredibly slight expansion in the dorsal tip. New zygapophyses is actually oriented fifty°–55° of lateral. The postzygapophysis and contains a highly-developed epipophysis by way of about the latest fourth cervical vertebra (centered on PEFO 34833). The clear presence of article-axial epipophyses is essential that reputation have a limited distribution in the archosaurs, as they are only present in Roentgen. callenderi, saurischian dinosaurs, B. kupferzellensis, V. campi (age.g., PEFO 33978), X. sapingensis (IVPP V6026), Age. okeeffeae (AMNH FR 30587), and you will Hesperosuchus agilis (AMNH FR 6758; Langer & Benton, 2006 ; Nesbitt, 2011 ).
This new morphology of middle in order to posterior cervical spinal vertebrae is similar for the significantly more prior cervical vertebrae than the trunk area spinal vertebrae in they own light ventral keels and you may use up all your line of vertebral laminae; but not, new centrum is far more equant within its proportions (Figure 8f). Furthermore, brand new diapophysis is present into the neural arc, this new zygapophyses is proportionally bigger than significantly more anterior vertebrae, brand new postzygapophyses run out of epipophyses, additionally the transverse extension of the dorsal margin of your own neural lower back is better establish. Hence, the newest posterior cervical spinal vertebrae are transitional for the morphology between the prior cervical together with middle-trunk area spinal vertebrae.
5.6.3 Trunk vertebrae
Carried on the newest pattern found in the brand new cervical collection, the initial a couple of trunk area vertebrae (influenced by the brand new relevant rib style of) are transitional for the morphology (Contour 8g) amongst the cervical vertebrae therefore the trunk spinal vertebrae nearer to the fresh new sacrum. The newest centra is anteroposteriorly longer than dorsoventrally high, in addition to centrum confronts is actually amphicoelous. The back centra use up all your ventral ridges towards the midline (= ventral keels). The prezygapophysis are founded 31° off horizontal, while brand new postzygapophysis is situated only 20° off horizontal. The new neural spine is much more prolonged anteroposteriorly than in the fresh new cervical vertebrae; it expansion comes from better-arranged dorsoventral laminae with the prior and you may posterior sides of the neural back. The fresh new dorsal part of the sensory back are offered sideways toward a thorough “back dining table” which have a flat dorsal body, similar to that of aetosaurs (elizabeth.g.,D. spurensis, MNA V9300). Within the dorsal look at, these types of lower back dining tables was cardio-formed to the apex of heart leading posteriorly. The newest diapophysis and you can parapophysis was linked by the a well-build paradiapophyseal lamina; so it lamina is found in most other archosaurs (e.grams., Nesbitt, 2005b ), but it is like highest in these vertebrae out of Roentgen. callenderi. The new parapophysis is based with the sensory arc, but it is maybe not dorsal towards the dorsalmost expansion of your own centrum. The first several trunk spinal vertebrae provides sparingly put up centroprezygapophyseal, centropostzygapophyseal, spinoprezygapophyseal, spinopostzygapophyseal, prezygodiapophyseal, postzygodiapophyseal, and you may intrapostzygapophyseal laminae differentiating her or him from the cervical backbone (Wilson, 1999 ).
step one.25pared towards first couple of trunk spinal vertebrae, the latest parapophysis is a lot closer to this new diapophysis; the parapophysis simply anteromedial to your diapophysis and so are connected by a little paradiapophyseal lamina. The newest centrozygapophyseal and spinozygapophyseal laminae are not while the pronounced on so much more posterior trunk area vertebrae, even though the intrapostzygapophyseal lamina stays collection of, and you will good intrina is obtainable. The newest neural spines is actually heart-designed such as the transformation vertebrae, but they are slightly far more anteroposteriorly elongate.