The real-world demand functions for urban road travel tend to be more complex compared to the theoretical functions found in transport economics analysis. That is an expressway connecting Paris to Lille, and since 1992 congestion prices have already been applied during weekends with the aim of spreading demand on the trip back again to Paris…
Read MoreThe initial implementation of this type of scheme was Singapore Area Licensing Scheme in 1975, as well as a thorough package of road pricing measures, stringent car ownership rules and improvements in mass transit. In real life this is simply not true, thus, actual implementation of congestion pricing is a proxy or second-best solution. January…
Read More